EUROPE Distraught or
LITTLE TRIP TO THE COCK ASS (Robert Musil 1922)
The author is more modest and less helpful than the title would not believe. I am convinced not only of the falsity of what I say but also what is being objected. It does not take less to start talking in this particular matter, the truth does is not in the middle, but all around, like a bag, each one sticking their opinion, changes shape, but gains in consistency.
1
I start with a symptom.
no doubt that the last ten years we do not do world history, as the most conspicuous, but unable, so far, to arrest him. We have not really been changed, a little arrogance before, a hangover after wave, we were industrious citizens, we have become murderers, murderers, thieves, arsonists and so on: we n 'have not experienced anything be provided. Estce Or am I wrong? Life goes on exactly as before, just a little weak, perhaps, with caution convalescent, the war we felt closer to the carnival of the bacchanal, and the revolution ended in Parliament. We have been all sorts of things without changing, and we have not seen much apprehended.
To this, I believe there is only one answer: we do not have concepts that would have allowed us to integrate this experience. Nor even, perhaps, the feelings which the magnetism would help. We only stayed a lot of discomfort stupor, as if the nerve pathways pioneered by the event had been prematurely cut off.
malaise. Germany is full of sects. It has its eyes on Russia, Far East, India. It accuses the economy, civilization, rationalism, nationalism, one imagines a decline, a loosening of the race. The war has brought down all of our vaults. Even expressionism dies. The film, he, continued to grow. (Rome on the eve of his fall.)
In France, England, Italy - as a layman can judge saw the failure of our information services - the uncertainty does not appear smaller, although its events may differ.
no doubt that the last ten years we do not do world history, as the most conspicuous, but unable, so far, to arrest him. We have not really been changed, a little arrogance before, a hangover after wave, we were industrious citizens, we have become murderers, murderers, thieves, arsonists and so on: we n 'have not experienced anything be provided. Estce Or am I wrong? Life goes on exactly as before, just a little weak, perhaps, with caution convalescent, the war we felt closer to the carnival of the bacchanal, and the revolution ended in Parliament. We have been all sorts of things without changing, and we have not seen much apprehended.
To this, I believe there is only one answer: we do not have concepts that would have allowed us to integrate this experience. Nor even, perhaps, the feelings which the magnetism would help. We only stayed a lot of discomfort stupor, as if the nerve pathways pioneered by the event had been prematurely cut off.
malaise. Germany is full of sects. It has its eyes on Russia, Far East, India. It accuses the economy, civilization, rationalism, nationalism, one imagines a decline, a loosening of the race. The war has brought down all of our vaults. Even expressionism dies. The film, he, continued to grow. (Rome on the eve of his fall.)
In France, England, Italy - as a layman can judge saw the failure of our information services - the uncertainty does not appear smaller, although its events may differ.
2
This is world history to close: we see nothing.
Doubtless we will object that we are too close. It is a comparison drawn in the sense of sight: Sometimes we may be too close to an object to kiss her eyes. But can one be too close to a truth to recognize it? The comparison is not playing. We would know enough to form an opinion on us now and in the recent past, we know more, anyway, that will not know the times to come. Another source of comparison: we were too committed. Have we ever been?
The famous " historical perspective "consists in the fact that a hundred historical facts which sank into oblivion, we can accommodate the remaining five percent will. But objectivity is manifested in the fact that some see in these five survivors of fashion decades ago, and other lively conversation between interlocutors can not be heard. The grotesque human actions, they have hardly lost their freshness, frightening, and we are mobilizing to explain all the circumstances that are foreign to us, so those of history.
Eastern history all that we would not do himself; the contrary, it is alive. If our time was an "epoch", one would to ask whether we are at the beginning, end or middle. If there was a Gothic man - with Protogothic, early Gothic, flamboyant late - what is the position of modern man in relation to its zenith? If there is a German race, or white: how biological stage are they? For these images of ascent and decline does not remain a mere allegation FREE hindsight, should have a picture of their symptomatology general curves. That would be a different objective, but we are still far away. Perhaps the historical facts are they living unambiguous way, and do they become once dead? And Living History Is not ultimately the whole story is to say nothing that can be slotted into the regular categories of history?
spoke, indeed, a strange feeling of chance.
Doubtless we will object that we are too close. It is a comparison drawn in the sense of sight: Sometimes we may be too close to an object to kiss her eyes. But can one be too close to a truth to recognize it? The comparison is not playing. We would know enough to form an opinion on us now and in the recent past, we know more, anyway, that will not know the times to come. Another source of comparison: we were too committed. Have we ever been?
The famous " historical perspective "consists in the fact that a hundred historical facts which sank into oblivion, we can accommodate the remaining five percent will. But objectivity is manifested in the fact that some see in these five survivors of fashion decades ago, and other lively conversation between interlocutors can not be heard. The grotesque human actions, they have hardly lost their freshness, frightening, and we are mobilizing to explain all the circumstances that are foreign to us, so those of history.
Eastern history all that we would not do himself; the contrary, it is alive. If our time was an "epoch", one would to ask whether we are at the beginning, end or middle. If there was a Gothic man - with Protogothic, early Gothic, flamboyant late - what is the position of modern man in relation to its zenith? If there is a German race, or white: how biological stage are they? For these images of ascent and decline does not remain a mere allegation FREE hindsight, should have a picture of their symptomatology general curves. That would be a different objective, but we are still far away. Perhaps the historical facts are they living unambiguous way, and do they become once dead? And Living History Is not ultimately the whole story is to say nothing that can be slotted into the regular categories of history?
spoke, indeed, a strange feeling of chance.
3
ago in what happened to what a feeling, very current, chance. This would apply too the belief in historical necessity of trying, in all decisions that we have suffered, the expression of a coherent meaning. It may well be, for example, after the fact, see the failure of diplomacy and strategy need a German And everyone knows not unless things could have turned out differently as well, and that the decision was taken more than once, by a hair. To believe that the course of events is not necessary, and will not tolerate this qualifier after the fact.
I do not want to philosophy, God forbid, in times as serious, but I can not help but think of the famous man passing under the famous roof with a tile comes loose. Was it a necessity? Probably yes and probably not. The famous tile came off and that the famous man is past, "that no doubt - shall we say disregarding the doctrine of the will Free or not, that the history repeats itself - has a link with the law and the need, but that these two events occurred at the same time has none, unless you believe in God or reign in history, a reason more powerful. Hence we may well find God or a higher order accidents, but not vice versa.
Put simply: what is called historical necessity is obviously not a necessity of the nature of these laws which derives a factor A factor B is a necessity of the type that exists in things, "Where one causes the other." Probably Laws are they there, too - as the link between intellectual and economic developments or the topological factor in the fine arts, but there is always an element who does this once, that only time . Recall in passing that, among these unique facts, we must also rely, in part, we humans.
I do not want to philosophy, God forbid, in times as serious, but I can not help but think of the famous man passing under the famous roof with a tile comes loose. Was it a necessity? Probably yes and probably not. The famous tile came off and that the famous man is past, "that no doubt - shall we say disregarding the doctrine of the will Free or not, that the history repeats itself - has a link with the law and the need, but that these two events occurred at the same time has none, unless you believe in God or reign in history, a reason more powerful. Hence we may well find God or a higher order accidents, but not vice versa.
Put simply: what is called historical necessity is obviously not a necessity of the nature of these laws which derives a factor A factor B is a necessity of the type that exists in things, "Where one causes the other." Probably Laws are they there, too - as the link between intellectual and economic developments or the topological factor in the fine arts, but there is always an element who does this once, that only time . Recall in passing that, among these unique facts, we must also rely, in part, we humans.
4
Our image of the world loses some of its alleged sublimity. Let us console ourselves with a breakaway.
In the green forest, a hunter green shade brown deer. Trying to downgrade. The ball sprang the gun, followed the lightning, then thunder, deer collapsed on its side, its antlers struck the ground, and he is lying. Reverse: the body is recovering - but he could not stand, it would "fall" into the air, woods should first mimic the striking down against the floor, and he would start the final speed and finally to the initial speed. The ball should rest with the pellet gun in front, smoke powder solid resume with detonation, and so on. Would not we change a single detail during the events, it is not enough to go back, it would still have to have absolute full powers to rebuild the whole world. Gravity should move upwards, the land should be in the air on a vertical plane, ballistics undergo changes quite inconceivable in short: a melody played in reverse is no longer a melody at all, and should for it should go otherwise disrupt time and space.
In fact, just to get back on its feet shot a deer, you need a completely new event: conversion and repairs are not enough! The world erupts in a frantic desire for novelty, haunted by the thrust of change and progress!
In the green forest, a hunter green shade brown deer. Trying to downgrade. The ball sprang the gun, followed the lightning, then thunder, deer collapsed on its side, its antlers struck the ground, and he is lying. Reverse: the body is recovering - but he could not stand, it would "fall" into the air, woods should first mimic the striking down against the floor, and he would start the final speed and finally to the initial speed. The ball should rest with the pellet gun in front, smoke powder solid resume with detonation, and so on. Would not we change a single detail during the events, it is not enough to go back, it would still have to have absolute full powers to rebuild the whole world. Gravity should move upwards, the land should be in the air on a vertical plane, ballistics undergo changes quite inconceivable in short: a melody played in reverse is no longer a melody at all, and should for it should go otherwise disrupt time and space.
In fact, just to get back on its feet shot a deer, you need a completely new event: conversion and repairs are not enough! The world erupts in a frantic desire for novelty, haunted by the thrust of change and progress!
5
There are people who claim we lost morality. Others argue that we have lost innocence by eating for ever, with the apple, the demon of intellectuality. Still others, we should exceed the civilization, leading to the "culture" as the Greeks have known. And so on.
6
The conception of history that the cut in successive periods which correspond each time a particular historical type - like the Greek man, man gothic, modern man - to assume there, then a rise and decline (and for the type Greek archaic, classic late and decadent then the non-Greek), something that would have bloomed then faded, but not just a development: an entity that would bloom, a type of man, race, society, spirit acting on the real one mystery ... this design is not only prevalent today in the trial, but often invaded historical research itself involves an assumption.
In all this, it is given to the phenomenon: a certain style of buildings, literary works, works of art, acts, events, lifestyle, the obvious signs their coexistence and their connections. The fact that this substrate a phenomenal period of time and culture gives, at first glance, the impression of a unit that would have occurred in a time and place determined shall not help but notice that is not quite true; everyone knows that Eastern influences have acted on Greek life, and Greek influences are still present today on our own. So it's just the opposite: these similar events in life (and history, we can only speak of similarities and analogies) form a true continuum distributed in space and time, only that it does condenses to become visible only at certain times or does not rush, it seems happy, in certain circumstances.
This phenomenal image reminds one that knows a little statistical aspects of the world inside or outside the crossing of a decisive - to use a general term - consistent with critical variables, and if we take as defining the constitution constant human, it can not simultaneously be the cause of different eras and societies, at least if by that we mean entities in fact active and not merely collective terms are purely descriptive, the causes must be in the circumstances. In a country as
limited as Lower Austria, for example, botanists distinguish about three thousand varieties of wild roses, and do not know if they should be grouped into three hundred or thirty species, so uncertain is the concept of species even when has, as in this case, so unequivocal criteria. And the story purports to do so with criteria as perfectly equivocal and obviously not "essential" that are manifestations of complex architecture, arts and other life forms? Raising these objections, it is not denying the phenomenal existence of different eras, and in a sense, it is true that the basis of each of them there is another type of man: but it is to understand what "sense"!
In all this, it is given to the phenomenon: a certain style of buildings, literary works, works of art, acts, events, lifestyle, the obvious signs their coexistence and their connections. The fact that this substrate a phenomenal period of time and culture gives, at first glance, the impression of a unit that would have occurred in a time and place determined shall not help but notice that is not quite true; everyone knows that Eastern influences have acted on Greek life, and Greek influences are still present today on our own. So it's just the opposite: these similar events in life (and history, we can only speak of similarities and analogies) form a true continuum distributed in space and time, only that it does condenses to become visible only at certain times or does not rush, it seems happy, in certain circumstances.
This phenomenal image reminds one that knows a little statistical aspects of the world inside or outside the crossing of a decisive - to use a general term - consistent with critical variables, and if we take as defining the constitution constant human, it can not simultaneously be the cause of different eras and societies, at least if by that we mean entities in fact active and not merely collective terms are purely descriptive, the causes must be in the circumstances. In a country as
limited as Lower Austria, for example, botanists distinguish about three thousand varieties of wild roses, and do not know if they should be grouped into three hundred or thirty species, so uncertain is the concept of species even when has, as in this case, so unequivocal criteria. And the story purports to do so with criteria as perfectly equivocal and obviously not "essential" that are manifestations of complex architecture, arts and other life forms? Raising these objections, it is not denying the phenomenal existence of different eras, and in a sense, it is true that the basis of each of them there is another type of man: but it is to understand what "sense"!
7
Man, since 1914, has revealed a mass surprisingly more malleable than is generally admitted.
religious reasons, moral and political had hitherto prevented from recognizing really. I still remember very well the sympathetic study of a representative German author in which it was surprised that the man was not as he had seen, but as wicked as Dostoevsky portrayed. Others may recall the emphasis in our moral systems "character", that is to say, the requirement to treat man as a constant, while a more complex mathematical entity is not only possible, but probably necessary . Skip accustomed to thinking of the fiction of a psychological behavior to a constant thought that admits exceptions to the type and the time has ceased to be difficult. This rigid classification
however contradicts the experiences of psychology and life. Psychology shows that the phenomena described a seamless line of the superior man to man below normal, and the war confirmed the form of a huge mass experimentation, that man easily oscillates between extremes without changing its substance. It changes, but without change.
religious reasons, moral and political had hitherto prevented from recognizing really. I still remember very well the sympathetic study of a representative German author in which it was surprised that the man was not as he had seen, but as wicked as Dostoevsky portrayed. Others may recall the emphasis in our moral systems "character", that is to say, the requirement to treat man as a constant, while a more complex mathematical entity is not only possible, but probably necessary . Skip accustomed to thinking of the fiction of a psychological behavior to a constant thought that admits exceptions to the type and the time has ceased to be difficult. This rigid classification
however contradicts the experiences of psychology and life. Psychology shows that the phenomena described a seamless line of the superior man to man below normal, and the war confirmed the form of a huge mass experimentation, that man easily oscillates between extremes without changing its substance. It changes, but without change.
8
These experiences should be formulated somewhat as follows: high amplitude outside, low amplitude within. It would take very little to do with human Gothic or Greek antiquity a modern civilized. A slight additional circumstances, extra-psychic influences, contingencies, hazards, sustainably oriented in the same direction, would suffice. The human creature is able both to practice cannibalism than writing the Critique of Pure Reason. Must not persist in believing it is what it is: it is rather that - for God knows why - she did. The man takes his clothes, but we also say that clothes make the man and the face is a membrane that reacts to pressure from outside as well as those within. We do not deny
provided, of course, the difference between primitive cultures and societies evolved, it is a greater flexibility of the brain, such that it acquires only through several generations - but just like the chin or fades Walking becomes vertical, thus a real physiological difference conditioned by the function - then imposing his brain gymnastics Aristotelian or Kantian contained no functional difference. When assigned to such species or to human society such ascent, apogee and decline without such reservations, it is the drivers, the decisive factors in the center too, they should seek more than he has the habit of to the outskirts, in the circumstances, in the "takeover" of certain groups of people or equipment out of a set wholesale always like himself, in chance or, more accurately, the "necessity without law" where one thing leads to another, not by chance, but without any control law is not the web.
(An example: with the technical and commercial organization we have, we would be perfectly capable of building a Gothic cathedral in a few years or even, if one sought the record, with new species and a scaffolding Gilbreth "planning" of science, in a few weeks. It grows, consistent and in accordance with the plan, like a mushroom, but still it would be the original plan, it would remain a poor opening, because it fails the contribution of time and successive generations, the illogic, the organic character that appears only in the unorganized, and other qualities of the same order. The surprisingly long duration pulses of desire inherent in the expression of the soul Gothic therefore derives from the slowness and the necessary toughness of the production technique, and only in this instance, provided that the hollow, see the technical, commercial, spiritual and political entangled in a thicket of true causes.)
provided, of course, the difference between primitive cultures and societies evolved, it is a greater flexibility of the brain, such that it acquires only through several generations - but just like the chin or fades Walking becomes vertical, thus a real physiological difference conditioned by the function - then imposing his brain gymnastics Aristotelian or Kantian contained no functional difference. When assigned to such species or to human society such ascent, apogee and decline without such reservations, it is the drivers, the decisive factors in the center too, they should seek more than he has the habit of to the outskirts, in the circumstances, in the "takeover" of certain groups of people or equipment out of a set wholesale always like himself, in chance or, more accurately, the "necessity without law" where one thing leads to another, not by chance, but without any control law is not the web.
(An example: with the technical and commercial organization we have, we would be perfectly capable of building a Gothic cathedral in a few years or even, if one sought the record, with new species and a scaffolding Gilbreth "planning" of science, in a few weeks. It grows, consistent and in accordance with the plan, like a mushroom, but still it would be the original plan, it would remain a poor opening, because it fails the contribution of time and successive generations, the illogic, the organic character that appears only in the unorganized, and other qualities of the same order. The surprisingly long duration pulses of desire inherent in the expression of the soul Gothic therefore derives from the slowness and the necessary toughness of the production technique, and only in this instance, provided that the hollow, see the technical, commercial, spiritual and political entangled in a thicket of true causes.)
9
It is claimed that the happy taste of what kind of considerations crudely mechanistic denote a spirit, a civilization without culture and cynical. I would note that he has great optimism. For if we are no longer dependent on time of any Parque scarecrow, but only covered a small amount of weight as pendants tangled, it is our responsibility to tip the balance.
Now it turns out that this feeling has been lost.
Now it turns out that this feeling has been lost.
10
How?
He had to occur for the last time during the Enlightenment, the men of the eighteenth century believed in ending something that we only waited being released to spring to Heaven. They were called "Reason" and dreamed of a "natural religion", a "natural morality", a "natural education" or even a "natural economy" and they had to tradition and a respect were very limited to rebuild the world from the mind. Construction, based on intellectual ground too narrow, collapsed leaving only a pile of rubble. The modern world has found yet in the works of Flaubert, Dostoevsky, and even those of Hamsun's impression of the horror inspired by it - Or more precisely by its weak recovery in the form of naturalism in the nineteenth and the "rationalism" near the end became an object of ridicule and contempt.
It understands that a failure of rational constructivism replaces need for irrationality, predominance of the facts of reality. This cons-current has two paths: one was history. In a sense, the sudden resurgence of interest in history was a way to back the claim of a mature man listening to the child enjoy the space and the rest, be guided, let alone the reason things go in man to be mature: a form of thinking more universal, more conciliatory, but more inaccurate and was replaced with that steeply from the ethical activism. So, alas! abundance of facts became glut, and historical research, faced with this plethora, was condemned always to be more pragmatic and precise: the result was a nightmare, a mountain of facts swelling by the hour, a gain knowledge and loss of life, failure psychic history, moreover, was far from being solely responsible to avoid.
History in fact, since the generation of our grandfathers about, that is to say at a time when thought as a whole was becoming more pragmatic and where philosophy was careful not to philosophize, had to take over it and assure itself, alongside its main task of interpreting of life. So it doubly bad conscience toward the pragmatism that mocks the inactualité any philosophy of history, and philosophy to lamenting the spiritual void of pragmatism, because nothing can be done without being ordered by vast prospects .
He had to occur for the last time during the Enlightenment, the men of the eighteenth century believed in ending something that we only waited being released to spring to Heaven. They were called "Reason" and dreamed of a "natural religion", a "natural morality", a "natural education" or even a "natural economy" and they had to tradition and a respect were very limited to rebuild the world from the mind. Construction, based on intellectual ground too narrow, collapsed leaving only a pile of rubble. The modern world has found yet in the works of Flaubert, Dostoevsky, and even those of Hamsun's impression of the horror inspired by it - Or more precisely by its weak recovery in the form of naturalism in the nineteenth and the "rationalism" near the end became an object of ridicule and contempt.
It understands that a failure of rational constructivism replaces need for irrationality, predominance of the facts of reality. This cons-current has two paths: one was history. In a sense, the sudden resurgence of interest in history was a way to back the claim of a mature man listening to the child enjoy the space and the rest, be guided, let alone the reason things go in man to be mature: a form of thinking more universal, more conciliatory, but more inaccurate and was replaced with that steeply from the ethical activism. So, alas! abundance of facts became glut, and historical research, faced with this plethora, was condemned always to be more pragmatic and precise: the result was a nightmare, a mountain of facts swelling by the hour, a gain knowledge and loss of life, failure psychic history, moreover, was far from being solely responsible to avoid.
History in fact, since the generation of our grandfathers about, that is to say at a time when thought as a whole was becoming more pragmatic and where philosophy was careful not to philosophize, had to take over it and assure itself, alongside its main task of interpreting of life. So it doubly bad conscience toward the pragmatism that mocks the inactualité any philosophy of history, and philosophy to lamenting the spiritual void of pragmatism, because nothing can be done without being ordered by vast prospects .
11
Let me digress, because the prestige of the writer continues to imply that he rails against the aridity of pragmatism.
We know that our "heroes of the classical spirit" stopped their ears, if you'll pardon the expression, when they heard this intellectual orientation occur. Goethe admirer of Kant, Spinoza enthusiast and naturalist, had better relationships with your intelligence and your little souls Goethe today - we talk too much intuition and there is no trace in his scientific writings , this "other knowledge" that it has so often been the guarantor, without doubt the classical period she has not had excessive sympathy for the looms English, mathematics, mechanics, or, if I remember correctly, for Locke and Hume which it disputed the so-called skepticism, but it was a form of positive spirit that has spread with natural sciences, mathematics and industry, and guessed that the classical period, by instinct, the seeds of its ruin. (Hebbel himself, elsewhere a mediator between this time and ours, is in this respect, quite classical.) If I get great humanists of our fair picture, I think, even if they integrating all possible distractions from the heart was still in the cosmos, an order peaceful, with a final code of laws they had to do, anyway, they would have felt the amount of intellectual disorder and ugliness we must consider today as an intolerable humiliation. Still
that spirit, if maligned, respect autarkic prevailing facts about science, that spirit of Statistics, machinery, mathematics, and the number of pragmatism, this pile of sand into facts, and human anthill have now overcome. Alas
or not: the little souls and Goethe posthumous goethéanisants must learn to count with him.
It was he who dug the second channel through which has engulfed the reflux once escaped to bed too narrow rationalist constructivism, but it appeared well before the Enlightenment and has been growing and strengthening after him.
We know that our "heroes of the classical spirit" stopped their ears, if you'll pardon the expression, when they heard this intellectual orientation occur. Goethe admirer of Kant, Spinoza enthusiast and naturalist, had better relationships with your intelligence and your little souls Goethe today - we talk too much intuition and there is no trace in his scientific writings , this "other knowledge" that it has so often been the guarantor, without doubt the classical period she has not had excessive sympathy for the looms English, mathematics, mechanics, or, if I remember correctly, for Locke and Hume which it disputed the so-called skepticism, but it was a form of positive spirit that has spread with natural sciences, mathematics and industry, and guessed that the classical period, by instinct, the seeds of its ruin. (Hebbel himself, elsewhere a mediator between this time and ours, is in this respect, quite classical.) If I get great humanists of our fair picture, I think, even if they integrating all possible distractions from the heart was still in the cosmos, an order peaceful, with a final code of laws they had to do, anyway, they would have felt the amount of intellectual disorder and ugliness we must consider today as an intolerable humiliation. Still
that spirit, if maligned, respect autarkic prevailing facts about science, that spirit of Statistics, machinery, mathematics, and the number of pragmatism, this pile of sand into facts, and human anthill have now overcome. Alas
or not: the little souls and Goethe posthumous goethéanisants must learn to count with him.
It was he who dug the second channel through which has engulfed the reflux once escaped to bed too narrow rationalist constructivism, but it appeared well before the Enlightenment and has been growing and strengthening after him.
12
That said, if one uses here the terms of pragmatism and positivism, it should not be taken literally or in a narrow philosophical meaning. What is at issue is not a theory but a manifestation of life. Since
physics, the Renaissance, has abandoned the scholastic speculation for observing facts and their functional networks, we have seen occur, not the birth of rationalism - scholasticism was already wise - but simply a re-establishment; rationality found degenerated into speculation as Antaeus, the solid ground of fact, it is true that therefore, was directed in a direction where the problems of philosophy and mathematics itself, were strongly influenced by the quantitative methods of natural science. At the outset, the quantitative point of view or, as it seems happy now, godless, materialistic, spreads like wildfire. "It is true that knowledge of quanta," wrote Kepler. Portuguese Sanchez - died the year of the birth of Locke - claims for philosophy as the aggressive mentality of the observer and the experimenter. The great Galileo - whose views are more diverse than those of Kepler and whose example is a turning point - and even an artist like Leonardo share this passion to embrace all that is positive, objective, down to earth, and not rely only evidence of the senses and understanding.
It is important not to confuse this attitude with the excesses that followed (Descartes) and at a time when the intellectual world claims to be the slave of a "dry process", carry with all the intensity she had wanted one day to great minds, contagious violence of a new and liberating experience.
physics, the Renaissance, has abandoned the scholastic speculation for observing facts and their functional networks, we have seen occur, not the birth of rationalism - scholasticism was already wise - but simply a re-establishment; rationality found degenerated into speculation as Antaeus, the solid ground of fact, it is true that therefore, was directed in a direction where the problems of philosophy and mathematics itself, were strongly influenced by the quantitative methods of natural science. At the outset, the quantitative point of view or, as it seems happy now, godless, materialistic, spreads like wildfire. "It is true that knowledge of quanta," wrote Kepler. Portuguese Sanchez - died the year of the birth of Locke - claims for philosophy as the aggressive mentality of the observer and the experimenter. The great Galileo - whose views are more diverse than those of Kepler and whose example is a turning point - and even an artist like Leonardo share this passion to embrace all that is positive, objective, down to earth, and not rely only evidence of the senses and understanding.
It is important not to confuse this attitude with the excesses that followed (Descartes) and at a time when the intellectual world claims to be the slave of a "dry process", carry with all the intensity she had wanted one day to great minds, contagious violence of a new and liberating experience.
13
The formula could be: "Do thyself no illusions. Do you trust that your own senses. Always dig up rock! "There was a strong movement here Abstinence soul that has allowed the soul a boost, no less powerful in a different direction, and we must not underestimate the enthusiasm, the energy inhabit today.
evolution has probably done it, too, more in depth extension ; Science facts led to the dispersal of specialization, theoretical syntheses, even though they have here and great achievements have not followed suit and one is tempted to say that we had all the disadvantages of a democracy of facts, again, the mountain of the nightmare that had already buried under the rubble work of history collapsed. But it gives an image almost always completely wrong in saying that if our time - to talk briefly - has no philosophy is simply that it can not, what would be an entirely negative character, so it should be seen as well rather a positive sign for the pragmatist, the rock climber who relies on crampons makes a mockery of the facts that the guardians of dogma offer it as a philosophy. If our time has no philosophy is less because it is unable to produce because it accepts bids that do not accord with the facts. (Do we want an example, just read the book of the young philosopher Wolfgang Kohler in Berlin, Die Gestalten in Ruhe und physikalischen im Zu stationaren stand modestly presented as an essay in the philosophy of nature, if one is armed to the understand, how can we see emerging, based on the positive sciences, the solution of very old problems metaphysical. )
This is what approaches, despite all differences, the dominant type of our time in the intellectual types dominant in practice: the merchant and the politician. Capitalism is also based on these basic attitudes: only consider the facts, rely only on itself, dig, work in the solid, assuming independence of positive man, with, apart from service: the desert . More policy, as understood today, is the absolute opposite of idealism, almost his perversion. The man who speculates down on his fellow man, entitled realistic policy does that for real human baseness, the only thing he considers reliable, it does not expect to persuasion, but only on force or trickery. However, what we saw during and after the war under the most hideously grimacing is basically the same spirit in which departments of a single State clash when their interests diverge, or in which the wise merchant deals with its counterparts. At the lowest of this hell, like the tip of an inverted cone, we find what the individual has no conscience at all, this contempt for impotence Luciferian idealist who characterized not only depraved minds, but also in many cases, the most eminent of our time.
ago in defiance of all deep confidence that awareness of a desperate situation. It is like the swimmer who swims underwater in an ocean of facts and grits his teeth to hold its breath for a moment longer, at risk, it is true, never to return to the surface.
evolution has probably done it, too, more in depth extension ; Science facts led to the dispersal of specialization, theoretical syntheses, even though they have here and great achievements have not followed suit and one is tempted to say that we had all the disadvantages of a democracy of facts, again, the mountain of the nightmare that had already buried under the rubble work of history collapsed. But it gives an image almost always completely wrong in saying that if our time - to talk briefly - has no philosophy is simply that it can not, what would be an entirely negative character, so it should be seen as well rather a positive sign for the pragmatist, the rock climber who relies on crampons makes a mockery of the facts that the guardians of dogma offer it as a philosophy. If our time has no philosophy is less because it is unable to produce because it accepts bids that do not accord with the facts. (Do we want an example, just read the book of the young philosopher Wolfgang Kohler in Berlin, Die Gestalten in Ruhe und physikalischen im Zu stationaren stand modestly presented as an essay in the philosophy of nature, if one is armed to the understand, how can we see emerging, based on the positive sciences, the solution of very old problems metaphysical. )
This is what approaches, despite all differences, the dominant type of our time in the intellectual types dominant in practice: the merchant and the politician. Capitalism is also based on these basic attitudes: only consider the facts, rely only on itself, dig, work in the solid, assuming independence of positive man, with, apart from service: the desert . More policy, as understood today, is the absolute opposite of idealism, almost his perversion. The man who speculates down on his fellow man, entitled realistic policy does that for real human baseness, the only thing he considers reliable, it does not expect to persuasion, but only on force or trickery. However, what we saw during and after the war under the most hideously grimacing is basically the same spirit in which departments of a single State clash when their interests diverge, or in which the wise merchant deals with its counterparts. At the lowest of this hell, like the tip of an inverted cone, we find what the individual has no conscience at all, this contempt for impotence Luciferian idealist who characterized not only depraved minds, but also in many cases, the most eminent of our time.
ago in defiance of all deep confidence that awareness of a desperate situation. It is like the swimmer who swims underwater in an ocean of facts and grits his teeth to hold its breath for a moment longer, at risk, it is true, never to return to the surface.
14
The task of subduing the man, to teach harmony and length, of restoring order in this chaos, to make sense, an interpretation of life The story was only there to take - and yet, as a secondary task! But he lacked the essential concepts. The philosophy of history is challenged, there is still no satisfactory purely historical categories, concepts capable of ordering life are lacking; the coup, is reintroduced into fresh elements of the philosophy of history too subjective and conjectural. Concepts such as reason, progress, humanity, dominated by real ghosts need the visual field, along with ethical evaluations are not certified or guaranteed, at best, the opinio communis: semblance of order on top of chaos. Thus the famous turning to the immanence the story could appear as early redemption, and the new teaching of history as progress. It ceased to address the "eras" armed with a method of thinking defined simply "draw from them the evaluation criteria and measurement." Damaged in the past, acclimatize, understand the phenomena by placing them in context, not to impose summary from the outside: no period ever been so willing, and able to do all this than we are. The result was - in the words of Eucken - a weakening of will and personality by excessive eagerness to adapt to others. That's what we needed at a stage of evolution where our problems thrive!
15
We're back in the news. Concepts that could order the life around us are lacking. The facts of the past, the facts of the various sciences and the facts of life overwhelm us pell-mell. When philosophy popularized and the daily discussions were not only of cast-offs of liberalism with its blind faith in reason and progress, they too invented the famous idols are the time nation, race, Catholicism, intuitive man, all having a common negative emotional resentment towards the intellect, and positive, the need for a prop, large skeletons where ghosts hang impressions of what we had let reduce. (This, incidentally, the center of the debate between literary culture and civilization, and one of the major reasons why expressionism has barely exceeded the level of buffoonery: a field remained essentially Impressionist, he could go no further.) So, this affects the decision cowardice and shaping direct that took the crease to try this even a historical point of view, and scarcely a new "ism" he arose, we believe that a man is born again, and each end of school year represents the advent of a new era.
Everything is within the spirit comes to the chaos now. By tradition and without knowing why, you fight the mind based on facts and numbers, but without having anything else to oppose him than mere negation. When one professes - and that does more or less chorus? - That our time is short synthesis of culture, religious or community spirit, it hardly exceeds the praise the "good old days, nobody being able to explain what should be today a culture, a religion or a community as long as you really wished to integrate its synthesis laboratories, airplanes and the Dinosaur office, instead of judging them simply overwhelmed. Basically, this amounts to demanding the abdication of this pure and simple. The uncertainty, apathy and a tinge of pessimism, is what characterizes that which is "soul" today.
This results naturally in terms of the mind by a kind of extraordinary detail. Our time houses side by side in complete disharmony all contrary, individualism and sense of community, aristocracy and socialism, pacifism and militarism, glorification of culture and industry of civilization, nationalism and internationalism, religion and natural science, intuition and rationalism, and many others. Forgive me the comparison: our time suffers upset stomach and continues to reject, in various mixtures, the debris of the same ill-digested food. Even consider it only from without, one guesses that this typology antithetical - this way to explain the problems in pairs of opposites, this proliferation of "either ... or "- denotes inadequate intellectual work; any alternative to this kind requires a certain naivete that can suit the man who assesses, but not one who thinks otherwise and that resolve into a series of transitions. In practical reality, our intellectual landscape offers, for this problem, a collectivism of chapels in the extreme. Each community has its writer readers, the party of farmers and the workers each have its philosophy there may be in Germany a hundred publishing houses, each with its circle of readers more or less closely associated with a sensitivity common, the clergy has its network, but the anthroposophic have their millions and universities their credit, I read one day in the organ of union waiters something about the philosophy of the grooms of which he was told he had to hold in high esteem.
It's a madhouse Babel of its thousands of windows, thousands of voices, thoughts, different music simultaneously attack the passer and in these circumstances, it is clear that the individual becomes an arena where s 'face chaotic patterns and that morality, like the mind disintegrates. In the basement of that asylum, however, the Vulcan of the creative will continue to forge, the most ancient dreams Rights: theft, seven-league boots, vision through opaque bodies are realized, and an infinite number of chimeras that were still under the centuries of pure magic, gives contemporary reality of miracles but there is more sensitive.
Ours is a time of dreams come true, and everything is expiating disappointment, it lacks the desire, something that eats you heart as long as we do not get it.
Everything is within the spirit comes to the chaos now. By tradition and without knowing why, you fight the mind based on facts and numbers, but without having anything else to oppose him than mere negation. When one professes - and that does more or less chorus? - That our time is short synthesis of culture, religious or community spirit, it hardly exceeds the praise the "good old days, nobody being able to explain what should be today a culture, a religion or a community as long as you really wished to integrate its synthesis laboratories, airplanes and the Dinosaur office, instead of judging them simply overwhelmed. Basically, this amounts to demanding the abdication of this pure and simple. The uncertainty, apathy and a tinge of pessimism, is what characterizes that which is "soul" today.
This results naturally in terms of the mind by a kind of extraordinary detail. Our time houses side by side in complete disharmony all contrary, individualism and sense of community, aristocracy and socialism, pacifism and militarism, glorification of culture and industry of civilization, nationalism and internationalism, religion and natural science, intuition and rationalism, and many others. Forgive me the comparison: our time suffers upset stomach and continues to reject, in various mixtures, the debris of the same ill-digested food. Even consider it only from without, one guesses that this typology antithetical - this way to explain the problems in pairs of opposites, this proliferation of "either ... or "- denotes inadequate intellectual work; any alternative to this kind requires a certain naivete that can suit the man who assesses, but not one who thinks otherwise and that resolve into a series of transitions. In practical reality, our intellectual landscape offers, for this problem, a collectivism of chapels in the extreme. Each community has its writer readers, the party of farmers and the workers each have its philosophy there may be in Germany a hundred publishing houses, each with its circle of readers more or less closely associated with a sensitivity common, the clergy has its network, but the anthroposophic have their millions and universities their credit, I read one day in the organ of union waiters something about the philosophy of the grooms of which he was told he had to hold in high esteem.
It's a madhouse Babel of its thousands of windows, thousands of voices, thoughts, different music simultaneously attack the passer and in these circumstances, it is clear that the individual becomes an arena where s 'face chaotic patterns and that morality, like the mind disintegrates. In the basement of that asylum, however, the Vulcan of the creative will continue to forge, the most ancient dreams Rights: theft, seven-league boots, vision through opaque bodies are realized, and an infinite number of chimeras that were still under the centuries of pure magic, gives contemporary reality of miracles but there is more sensitive.
Ours is a time of dreams come true, and everything is expiating disappointment, it lacks the desire, something that eats you heart as long as we do not get it.
16
I think the war was declared in the body of our society as a disease, a huge energy did not find any other access to our soul that this fistula gangrenous.
I read, it is true, a warning against such an approach - which would specifically German - from the war as a crisis of European culture (Robert Curtius, with supporting references, in a brochure of interest : Trade Unionism and Workers in France) but it is clear what content is given to this design. The war had to be a thousand different causes, but it is undeniable that each of them - nationalism, patriotism, economic imperialism, the mentality of the generals and diplomats like all others - is inseparable from data determined that define intellectual property in a general situation with its share of influence in the decision.
It is, above all, a very characteristic symptom of the disaster was at the same time the expression of a certain ideological position: it is our complete inertia against groups of specialists to the machine state, we have been similar to those travelers who do sleepers awake at the time of the collision. Such a laissez-faire is not that just "thinking people" against " organs acting "of the state, but also that of competing ideologies they bark, but do not bite. This is the reverse of the integration of the individual in society, and whoever wants to solve by itself every problem of consciousness would soon be exposed to overwork and madness. On the other hand, it is some of these problems, such as marriage or eternal life, we abandon it for the world to "specialist", and for such cases, we need a clear signal. So there has been foremost, even in the way our world has slipped into the war, lack of intellectual organization , We have neglected its symptoms and the forces that grew there as opposed to those due to a situation where the ideological problems in their confused and hollow appearance, were reserved for the "Great Minds", while realistic political powers had at least the advantage over them in some legal capacity.
Another feature of this disaster has been the extent she donned immediately. The fire could spread so sudden and so monstrous that because the terrain is suitable and that everyone aspired to the earthquake, fire and storms of the heart and one who has experienced the explosion of war in all its violence knows she has been a leak before the peace.
I read, it is true, a warning against such an approach - which would specifically German - from the war as a crisis of European culture (Robert Curtius, with supporting references, in a brochure of interest : Trade Unionism and Workers in France) but it is clear what content is given to this design. The war had to be a thousand different causes, but it is undeniable that each of them - nationalism, patriotism, economic imperialism, the mentality of the generals and diplomats like all others - is inseparable from data determined that define intellectual property in a general situation with its share of influence in the decision.
It is, above all, a very characteristic symptom of the disaster was at the same time the expression of a certain ideological position: it is our complete inertia against groups of specialists to the machine state, we have been similar to those travelers who do sleepers awake at the time of the collision. Such a laissez-faire is not that just "thinking people" against " organs acting "of the state, but also that of competing ideologies they bark, but do not bite. This is the reverse of the integration of the individual in society, and whoever wants to solve by itself every problem of consciousness would soon be exposed to overwork and madness. On the other hand, it is some of these problems, such as marriage or eternal life, we abandon it for the world to "specialist", and for such cases, we need a clear signal. So there has been foremost, even in the way our world has slipped into the war, lack of intellectual organization , We have neglected its symptoms and the forces that grew there as opposed to those due to a situation where the ideological problems in their confused and hollow appearance, were reserved for the "Great Minds", while realistic political powers had at least the advantage over them in some legal capacity.
Another feature of this disaster has been the extent she donned immediately. The fire could spread so sudden and so monstrous that because the terrain is suitable and that everyone aspired to the earthquake, fire and storms of the heart and one who has experienced the explosion of war in all its violence knows she has been a leak before the peace.
17
course it would be absurd to reduce a disaster as big an individual formula. Basically, we still know very little about the sociology of war, there have been wars in all civilizations, and that fact alone prevents us from seeing such a war in the failure of such particular civilization, no doubt, war is accepted as a kind of tradition, one is even tempted to say as a regular institution. The question of how a war can erupt, at a time whose mind - the knock about excepted - was resolutely pacifist, is still different. Moreover, many wars have been, so to speak, barely tolerated, and those that have spread like fire are socially different. Today, forces from the world's conciliatory common sense working to discredit the war, declared unnecessary and unreasonable, and they are certainly strong arguments in an age-based benefit and reason, I do believe that this kind of pacifists underestimate the factor of psychic explosion that include the wars of the second kind, the very human need clearly periodically for any break, any blow to see what will happen. This need for "crash metaphysics" - if you'll pardon the expression - accumulates in peacetime as a residue of dissatisfaction. I can see there, where there were round or oppression, economic crisis or hopeless, that nothing but prosperity, another thing that the soul of revolt against the established order; revolt led, in many a time, to religious uprisings in other, war.
When one considers the phenomenon in this respect, it should be noted that this is not - or only in appearance - the collapse an ideology and a determined mindset - as bourgeois ideology today or Catholicism in 1618 - is to say, its contents, but to chronicle the collapse of all ideologies. They are still at odds over life, and it frees them by periodic crises such as shellfish, growing up, their shells become too narrow. Some
weariness that left us a war just overcome, the threat today already, becomes visible. Not only the representatives of the spirit in France show the face of power, an inertia worse than before the war, but here too, new experiences that have changed the content, while how to act and react also remained sketchy past.
When one considers the phenomenon in this respect, it should be noted that this is not - or only in appearance - the collapse an ideology and a determined mindset - as bourgeois ideology today or Catholicism in 1618 - is to say, its contents, but to chronicle the collapse of all ideologies. They are still at odds over life, and it frees them by periodic crises such as shellfish, growing up, their shells become too narrow. Some
weariness that left us a war just overcome, the threat today already, becomes visible. Not only the representatives of the spirit in France show the face of power, an inertia worse than before the war, but here too, new experiences that have changed the content, while how to act and react also remained sketchy past.
18
All values staggered, no longer felt responsible for anything, and it threw her life with pleasure in the flames.
Let's wrong to think that a simple repair, a re-establishment, with calls for more responsibility, kindness, Christianity, humanity, in one word: any addition to what has failed forward to improve our situation because it is less ideality that has been lacking its simple premise and necessary. That is, I believe, the truth that our age should burn in the mind in letters of fire! The solution is neither pending a new ideology, nor the struggle of opposing ideologies today and is in creating the social conditions capable of ensuring the efforts ideological stability and a draft sufficient. What we lack, they are not content, is the function! Our
white society will never see any arise only a unitary ideology, a "culture" even though the earliest ages have known - though you probably embellish it was in - the rivers descend from the mountains, they do not go back.
A flourishing society is still suffering, intellectually speaking, a continuous process of autodésagrégation. The number of individuals and opinions that contribute to the formation of general ideas is increasing, such as new sources will arise that ideological study of the past and new relationships between places of origin most remote. What we call civilization in the pejorative sense is indeed, essentially nothing more than overload problems that the individual suffers without even knowing the words - think of political democracy or the press - to the point of reacting to it, quite naturally, quite pathological: we now expect the first trader who came to the decisions between which an intellectual Leibniz could not in good conscience, choose! We may deny uneasily, on the other hand, a certain vital value is inherent in each of the ideas that interfere everywhere, that deportation is not a loss, and only a welcome gain, the enormous problem of organization that needed the same time is not to abandon confrontation and linking ideological factors at random, but rather to encourage them. This function must any company that exists today in science, so the pure understanding, in the realm of the spirit, the creators themselves have not understood the need.
Quite the contrary: it is in this spirit world - the opposite here, to go fast, that operates only when the work unambiguous understanding - that shows the most stubborn prejudice, that all deviations of civilization and especially the disintegration of souls is attributable to the worship of the understanding. Without doubt we can blame it all sorts of biases and reactions side effects, but argue that it has a solvent effect, it is never simply affirm that gradually disintegrates values hitherto intact and guarantees by the feeling, yet he can not do that if the data that these emotional values presuppose already cracked; evil does is not in his nature, he was already in them! The understanding itself, in essence, is able to bind as well as loose, it is probably even human relationships in the greater bond strength, and it is strange that so often eludes the fine spirits are his accusers. It can not be there, ultimately, that of a poor, lack mutual understanding between the mind and soul. Do not say we have too much intellect and too little soul say we have too little understanding in the problems of the soul. The false position in which he accuses of having been in fact boils down to this: the ordinary course of our thoughts go from one thought to another and from one fact to another by eliminating the ego, our thoughts as our actions do not go through our self. So is it the essence of our objective: it connects things together and even when she puts them in touch with us, or - as in psychology - we chose for his subject, it does so by removing the personal element. In a sense, sacrificed objectivity inwardness of things, what is universally valid is impersonal, or even - in a very happy indirect definition of Walter Strich: we can not respond to a truth about himself. Therefore, the order founded objectivity is valid only for things, and not for humans.
In fact, the long transition period to modern times we talked about and has seen the development of positive thinking has already seen the protest in full force: religion is not theology, just say close Schwenckfeldn, Sebastian Franck Valentin Weigel conspirators against the mystic was misled that Luther is "renewal of the whole man." It is the protest of feeling, of will, mutable and alive, that is to say, the sum of human, which is defined here as opposed to its solid precipitate and frozen: theology, knowledge . And any mystical - if considered independently of its links with theology and special stains that result - has always had this protest mainspring; words like love, vision, alarm and many other similar, with their deep indeterminacy and their soft fullness, express nothing more than a thinking more deeply steeped in sentiment, a more personal relationship with experience.
But we find the same content and experienced a similar report with the understanding throughout the literature of non-mystical wisdom of Confucius to Emerson and beyond, we can even say that their line coincides with the boundary between morality and ethics. Morality, in essence, a standard is linked to events repeatable and is the same type of events that characterizes rationality, since a concept can only apply what is unique and - figuratively - repeatable, so there is a fundamental link between the civilizing nature of morality and of the understanding, whereas a strictly ethical experience like love, reverence or humility, even when she takes a social form, is something very difficult transmitted, absolutely personal and, almost, asocial. "Even in Christ ... there was a man outside and a man inside, and all they expressed regarding external things, they did not do that from the point of view of the outer man and the man inside them persisted in impassive detachment, "said Meister Eckhart. What is termed in our ethics current literature is generally a frail base supporting a large corporate superstructure.
What remains true today of ethics, we find, in a very inadequate in the arts, the tests and in the chaos of private relationships. Music raises a swell of feeling that ripens the mind of the soul and the universe, painting seeks to get rid of an "object" - carrying all of rationalism-bacilli, the literature offers the spectacle of stagnation of the soul and a trampling that runs out in false starts, after all: a secret dissatisfaction which erupted in excesses of all kinds, a mass in fermentation where it is always the same debris that float to the surface without ever chemist to settle the mix.
For now, the focus of our mind as there is no way to change anything. The story, which itself requires, as we have seen, from creative concepts of order, no longer an expedient which is abused to create one, and humanity as we practice it, which rises exceptionally, for comparison and development of life factors, the level of ethics, tending rather to embrace the look as much as possible, all figures, eras and cultures to give an example. If one has Goethe and Lessing, as wholes closed, the exemplary lives of these great no doubt an "educational value", but limited to that, she does little more than a physics education that would reduce biographies of Kepler or Newton. The essential objective value is neglected, the biographical aspect is not completed by consciously ideographic aspect which, in life and in school, is delivered more or less arbitrary and personal taste. But these verses of Goethe
If on your harp, O Father
love, sound
Who can reach her ear,
Rejoice in his heart
these verses do not exist alone, nor only in connection with the young and somewhat insistent Mr. Plessing and the biography of Goethe, nor only with the classical and literary tradition, they represent an element in the series of kindness or love that stretch of human origins to the present in the world of representations and c ' is their place in the series they are essentially determined.
This order of art, ethics and mysticism, that is to say the world of feeling and the idea works, it is true, a comparative study, analysis and synthesis, in which it is rational and inherently related to the most powerful instincts of our time, but it does not conflict with soul, he has his own end: not the univocity reducing ethics to a morality or sense a causal psychology, but an overall look at the reasons, connections, restrictions, changes in direction our motives and our actions - a gloss of life.
It may seem surprising that a review of our situation ends with call for discipline, but a time to be felt able to dispense with this work and This discipline will never be able to resolve the major problems of world organization.
Let's wrong to think that a simple repair, a re-establishment, with calls for more responsibility, kindness, Christianity, humanity, in one word: any addition to what has failed forward to improve our situation because it is less ideality that has been lacking its simple premise and necessary. That is, I believe, the truth that our age should burn in the mind in letters of fire! The solution is neither pending a new ideology, nor the struggle of opposing ideologies today and is in creating the social conditions capable of ensuring the efforts ideological stability and a draft sufficient. What we lack, they are not content, is the function! Our
white society will never see any arise only a unitary ideology, a "culture" even though the earliest ages have known - though you probably embellish it was in - the rivers descend from the mountains, they do not go back.
A flourishing society is still suffering, intellectually speaking, a continuous process of autodésagrégation. The number of individuals and opinions that contribute to the formation of general ideas is increasing, such as new sources will arise that ideological study of the past and new relationships between places of origin most remote. What we call civilization in the pejorative sense is indeed, essentially nothing more than overload problems that the individual suffers without even knowing the words - think of political democracy or the press - to the point of reacting to it, quite naturally, quite pathological: we now expect the first trader who came to the decisions between which an intellectual Leibniz could not in good conscience, choose! We may deny uneasily, on the other hand, a certain vital value is inherent in each of the ideas that interfere everywhere, that deportation is not a loss, and only a welcome gain, the enormous problem of organization that needed the same time is not to abandon confrontation and linking ideological factors at random, but rather to encourage them. This function must any company that exists today in science, so the pure understanding, in the realm of the spirit, the creators themselves have not understood the need.
Quite the contrary: it is in this spirit world - the opposite here, to go fast, that operates only when the work unambiguous understanding - that shows the most stubborn prejudice, that all deviations of civilization and especially the disintegration of souls is attributable to the worship of the understanding. Without doubt we can blame it all sorts of biases and reactions side effects, but argue that it has a solvent effect, it is never simply affirm that gradually disintegrates values hitherto intact and guarantees by the feeling, yet he can not do that if the data that these emotional values presuppose already cracked; evil does is not in his nature, he was already in them! The understanding itself, in essence, is able to bind as well as loose, it is probably even human relationships in the greater bond strength, and it is strange that so often eludes the fine spirits are his accusers. It can not be there, ultimately, that of a poor, lack mutual understanding between the mind and soul. Do not say we have too much intellect and too little soul say we have too little understanding in the problems of the soul. The false position in which he accuses of having been in fact boils down to this: the ordinary course of our thoughts go from one thought to another and from one fact to another by eliminating the ego, our thoughts as our actions do not go through our self. So is it the essence of our objective: it connects things together and even when she puts them in touch with us, or - as in psychology - we chose for his subject, it does so by removing the personal element. In a sense, sacrificed objectivity inwardness of things, what is universally valid is impersonal, or even - in a very happy indirect definition of Walter Strich: we can not respond to a truth about himself. Therefore, the order founded objectivity is valid only for things, and not for humans.
In fact, the long transition period to modern times we talked about and has seen the development of positive thinking has already seen the protest in full force: religion is not theology, just say close Schwenckfeldn, Sebastian Franck Valentin Weigel conspirators against the mystic was misled that Luther is "renewal of the whole man." It is the protest of feeling, of will, mutable and alive, that is to say, the sum of human, which is defined here as opposed to its solid precipitate and frozen: theology, knowledge . And any mystical - if considered independently of its links with theology and special stains that result - has always had this protest mainspring; words like love, vision, alarm and many other similar, with their deep indeterminacy and their soft fullness, express nothing more than a thinking more deeply steeped in sentiment, a more personal relationship with experience.
But we find the same content and experienced a similar report with the understanding throughout the literature of non-mystical wisdom of Confucius to Emerson and beyond, we can even say that their line coincides with the boundary between morality and ethics. Morality, in essence, a standard is linked to events repeatable and is the same type of events that characterizes rationality, since a concept can only apply what is unique and - figuratively - repeatable, so there is a fundamental link between the civilizing nature of morality and of the understanding, whereas a strictly ethical experience like love, reverence or humility, even when she takes a social form, is something very difficult transmitted, absolutely personal and, almost, asocial. "Even in Christ ... there was a man outside and a man inside, and all they expressed regarding external things, they did not do that from the point of view of the outer man and the man inside them persisted in impassive detachment, "said Meister Eckhart. What is termed in our ethics current literature is generally a frail base supporting a large corporate superstructure.
What remains true today of ethics, we find, in a very inadequate in the arts, the tests and in the chaos of private relationships. Music raises a swell of feeling that ripens the mind of the soul and the universe, painting seeks to get rid of an "object" - carrying all of rationalism-bacilli, the literature offers the spectacle of stagnation of the soul and a trampling that runs out in false starts, after all: a secret dissatisfaction which erupted in excesses of all kinds, a mass in fermentation where it is always the same debris that float to the surface without ever chemist to settle the mix.
For now, the focus of our mind as there is no way to change anything. The story, which itself requires, as we have seen, from creative concepts of order, no longer an expedient which is abused to create one, and humanity as we practice it, which rises exceptionally, for comparison and development of life factors, the level of ethics, tending rather to embrace the look as much as possible, all figures, eras and cultures to give an example. If one has Goethe and Lessing, as wholes closed, the exemplary lives of these great no doubt an "educational value", but limited to that, she does little more than a physics education that would reduce biographies of Kepler or Newton. The essential objective value is neglected, the biographical aspect is not completed by consciously ideographic aspect which, in life and in school, is delivered more or less arbitrary and personal taste. But these verses of Goethe
If on your harp, O Father
love, sound
Who can reach her ear,
Rejoice in his heart
these verses do not exist alone, nor only in connection with the young and somewhat insistent Mr. Plessing and the biography of Goethe, nor only with the classical and literary tradition, they represent an element in the series of kindness or love that stretch of human origins to the present in the world of representations and c ' is their place in the series they are essentially determined.
This order of art, ethics and mysticism, that is to say the world of feeling and the idea works, it is true, a comparative study, analysis and synthesis, in which it is rational and inherently related to the most powerful instincts of our time, but it does not conflict with soul, he has his own end: not the univocity reducing ethics to a morality or sense a causal psychology, but an overall look at the reasons, connections, restrictions, changes in direction our motives and our actions - a gloss of life.
It may seem surprising that a review of our situation ends with call for discipline, but a time to be felt able to dispense with this work and This discipline will never be able to resolve the major problems of world organization.
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